<<No 32 : 17 July 1974>>

Additional information on many of the prisoners mentioned in this section can be found in CCE 33, also in CCEs 34-36.

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MORDOVIA

Lesnoye

Penal institution ZhKh 385/19.

In August 1973 a large group of political prisoners in Camp 19 tried to convey to the outside world a letter to the Committee for Human Rights. The attempt ended in failure as the letter was confiscated from Ivar Zhukovskis on his release [note 1].

After this the following prisoners were put in cell-type premises (i.e. punishment cells) for six months:

• Kronid Lyubarsky (CCEs 24-28);
• Aleksas Pasilis (arrested in Klaipeda in 1970 for leaflets, sentenced to four years);
• Nikolai Budulak-Sharygin (during the war at the age of 14 he found himself abroad, adopted English citizenship, arrested in 1968 during a business trip to the USSR for his firm, 10 years for ‘failure to return’) [note 2];
• B. Shakirov.

In the autumn Budulak-Sharygin and Shakirov were sent to Vladimir Prison for three years.

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On the anniversary of Yury Galanskov’s death (CCE 28) many prisoners sent letters of protest to official bodies. This is the reply of Ganichev, the procurator responsible for institution ZhKh 385 in the the Mordovian camp complex, to one such letter:

“Inform A. I. Romanov that Galanskov’s death has no causal connection with any unlawful administrative actions in the places of imprisonment. Romanov’s protest is unfounded.”

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On 10 December 1973, on the anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the traditional one-day hunger strikes took place in the camps. Ten people took part in the hunger strike in Camp 19. Protests were also sent to various official bodies. The replies were cliches: “Soviet people enjoy complete freedom and democracy. There are no grounds for protest.”

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On 12 January Ukrainian political prisoners staged a one-day hunger strike in connection with the second anniversary of the mass arrests in the Ukraine (CCE 24). Jewish political prisoners Boris Azernikov and Anatoly Goldfeld supported the Ukrainians by sending statements on this subject to the Praesidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet.

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In Camp 19 Boris Azernikov, Kronid Lyubarsky and Boris Penson (‘aeroplane’ trial, sentenced to 10 years, CCE 17.6) staged a hunger strike from 17 to 24 June.

They were protesting against the irregularity with which their mail was delivered and dispatched, and the arbitrary confiscation and ‘disappearance* of letters, particularly those from abroad. After the hunger strike, they received many letters of different dates of writing and posting, all together.

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Ozerny

Penal institution ZhKh 385/17.

Alexander Bolonkin, sentenced in Moscow to four years of camps and two years of exile (CCE 30), has arrived here. Bolonkin was beaten up on the journey and in consequence developed a severe pain in his side. However, they refused to give him an X-ray as he requested.

Bolonkin wrote a complaint about his escorts to the Procuracy. If the reply is to be believed, the case of his beating has been passed to the Sokolniki district court in Moscow.

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Barashevo

Penal institution ZhKh 385/3-4 (women’s political zone).

For about seven months N. A. Strokata (sentenced to four years, CCEs 25, 28) has been asking to be sent for a medical examination regarding the swelling of her pectoral gland. In 1973 she was finally sent to a special MVD hospital in Rostov-on-Don.

Now Strokata has been placed on a cancer register and periodically — once every six months — undergoes an examination in the same hospital. She recently returned from Rostov for the second time; her condition is good.

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Silva Zalmanson (‘aeroplane’ trial, sentenced to 10 years, CCE 17.6) has returned to the zone from the hospital. The state of her health has improved significantly.

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Irina Stasiv-Kalynets (sentenced to six years plus three years of exile, see CCEs 24, 28) has been transferred to the hospital in a very bad condition. An exact diagnosis has not been established, but the hypothesis is a liver disease.

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Stefaniya Shabatura (sentenced to five years, plus three, CCEs 24, 28) was put in cell-type premises from apparently for staging hunger strikes during the winter.

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Barashevo

Penal institution ZhKh 385/3-2 (the hospital).

Algirdas Zipre, arrested in April 1958, is being held here.

A. Zipre was born at the end of the twenties (1927-1930), and took an active part in the partisan movement in Lithuania in the 1940s; believing in the amnesties, he came out of the forest in 1956. He was arrested ///li years later.

The Lithuanian Supreme Court sentenced him under Articles 58-1a, 58-8 and 58-11 to 25 years in camps. Zipre himself believed that he had been sentenced to 15 years, as by that time the maximum term of imprisonment had been reduced to 15 years. However, at that moment the Lithuanian Supreme Soviet had not yet adopted the relevant resolution and in April 1973 Zipre discovered that he still had to serve another ten years in the camps.

He has been transported to the hospital from the Perm camps with the diagnosis ‘psychiatric illness’.

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PERM

Kuchino

Penal institution VS 389/36.

Seven or eight political prisoners held a one-day hunger strike on 1 May, demanding that order No. 20 of 14 January 1972 be revoked. The text of order No. 20 is unknown to the Chronicle; it is known only that the decree imposes on prisoners new restrictions and demands that are not provided for by the RSFSR Corrective Labour Code.

The following have submitted statements renouncing their Soviet citizenship:

• Aleksei Safronov, aged 21, sentenced to 12 years;
• Vitold Abankin, aged 28, sentenced to 12 years;
• Vitaly Kolomin, aged 29. sentenced to six years;
• Vitaly Kalinichenko, aged 28, sentenced to ten years;
• Grigory Vabishchevich, aged 43, sentenced to 25 years (ten months left to serve).

They regard their renunciation of Soviet citizenship as a protest against tyranny. They demand that after they have served their sentences, they be allowed to leave the confines of the USSR.

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M. Ya. Makarenko (Articles 70, 162 & 173 of the RSFSR Criminal Code, sentenced to eight years; CCE 16), imprisoned in Camp number 36, has sent a number of complaints to various Soviet, party and public organizations.

Here are the different types of replies:

The Board of the USSR Union of Writers and the Moscow writers’ organization announce that they are ‘not competent to deal with what is going on in the camps’ and that in future they will not reply to such appeals. This is the reply to an appeal addressed to A. Barto, M. Sholokhov and K. Simonov.

The practice of transfer to prisons under a simplified legal procedure ‘has been examined and found correct” (replies from the Commission on Youth Affairs of the USSR Supreme Soviet, the Central Committee of the party and the Commission on Legislative Proposals of the USSR Supreme Soviet).

Makarenko’s complaints were examined by the Perm procurator Myakishev and the Chusovoi procurator Boldyrev. Of all the points raised only one was satisfied: in future former members of punitive detachments and policemen under the Nazis would not patrol in red armbands on Soviet holidays. All the rest was ruled to be libel; it was recommended to the camp administration that Makarenko be severely punished for this.

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On 15 February, a search was carried out with the aim of confiscating ‘spare’ warm clothing, footwear and so on from the prisoners. All the prisoners were driven into the canteen and told that it was ‘not allowed’ to have more than one pair of warm underwear; that (under their ‘regime’) felt boots, warm trousers, and an extra pair of overshoes or high boots were prohibited; and that overalls were banned: they must work in the same clothes that they wore every day . . .

Several hundred articles were taken away without receipts, chits or anything being given. Food items preserved by the prisoners were trampled underfoot, books and journals were destroyed. The guards even searched in the snow, feeling about for hidden felt boots and other things, which they then dug up out of the snow. The search was conducted at night. It was directed by the camp commandant. Major Kotov, and by Major Fyodorov and Captain Zhuravkov. in the presence of officials of the special section of the Perm Directorate for Internal Affairs — head of the section, Lieutenant-Colonel Mikov and head of the KGB group. Major Afanasov.

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Vsesvyatskoye

Penal institution VS 389/35.

CCE 30 reported that after the death of prisoner Kurkis two commissions visited the hospital, but these changed nothing. This is not quite correct. After the inspection by the first commission (more specifically it was a commission to sign the death certificate), the prisoners repeatedly protested; there were even short hunger strikes. The second commission removed the head of the camp’s medical section from his post; prisoners had their invalid category restored, and many received treatment which they had previously been refused.

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On 21 February, Vladimir Bukovsky was put in the cell-type premises for three months.

There he was kept on the regime (hot food every other day) prescribed for the camp punishment prison — an innovation introduced by the administration of Camp 35. The confinement of Bukovsky in a cell, and his regime there, provoked numerous protests among the prisoners. After these protests V. Pavlenkov and Ivan Svetlichny were deprived of visits from their relatives.

The following non-prisoners spoke out in defence of Bukovsky: his mother N, I. Bukovskaya; A. Tverdokhlebov; and A. Naidenovich; also A, Levitin (Krasnov), A. Sakharov, T. Khodorovich, T. Velikanova, S. Kovalyov, P. Litvinov. Father S. Zheludkov, G. Podyapolsky, and V. Fainberg. The latter, having received the news (it has not yet been possible to check its accuracy) that Bukovsky and his friends in the camp had declared a hunger strike, started a hunger strike of his own in Moscow in support of them.

On 9 May, 11 days before his term was up, Bukovsky was released from the cell ‘in connection with building repairs’.

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On 12 May political prisoner Pronyuk (CCE 30) was deprived of a meeting with his wife.

On 13 May a mass hunger strike (of about 30 people) broke out in the camp. It lasted a month. The details are not yet known [CCE 33], but it is clear that it was one of the most powerful demonstrations by political prisoners in the last decade. The hunger strike ended after the administration agreed to meet certain of the strikers’ demands: in particular, it was specified that punishments such as deprivation of a visit or parcel were effective for only a month from the time of their imposition, i.e. after a month the prisoner could have the meeting or parcel that had been taken away.

On 27 May Vladimir Bukovsky, who had been taking part in the hunger strike, was sent to Vladimir Prison for three years.

A protest about this by M. Landa and A. Levitin (Krasnov) was made public.

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Five political prisoners refused to participate in the building of a camp punishment prison. Two of them — Arie-Leib Khnokh (‘aeroplane’ case, sentenced to ten years, CCE 17) and Gilya Butman (Leningrad ‘aeroplane-related’ case, sentenced to ten years, CCE 20) — have been put in the cell-type premises because of this.

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Vladimir Prison

Penal institution OD-l/ST-2

Valentin Moroz, the Ukrainian historian and essayist, has now been held in Vladimir Prison for about four years, having received a second conviction under Article 62 (Ukrainian Criminal Code= Article 70, RSFSR Code), this time for four of his articles: ‘Report from the Beria Reserve’ (written during his first imprisonment in the Mordovian Camps), ‘Amongst the Shadows’, ‘A Chronicle of Resistance’, and a literary-critical analysis of the verse of Evdokiya Los, a Belorussian poet [note 3].

Vladimir Prison (SC)

Moroz was sentenced to six years of prison, three years in camps and five years of exile. Before this he was imprisoned for four years — from 1965 to 1969 (CCEs 7, 14,17, 27).

In Vladimir Prison Moroz’s cell-mates turned out to be common criminals who tormented him and prevented him from sleeping at night. One of them cut his stomach open with the handle of a spoon that was sharpened like a knife, and Moroz had to be sent to the hospital for stitches. After this incident, at the request of Moroz himself and his wife, he was placed in a solitary-confinement cell, where he has now been for two years.

Under the legislation now in force, after half the sentence prescribed by a court has been served a camp regime can be substituted for prison if the prisoner has observed the regulations of the prison regime (see Article 33 of the Fundamentals of Corrective Labour Legislation and Article 51, RSFSR Corrective Labour Code). V. Moroz has infringed these only once: during a visit from his wife he spoke to her in Ukrainian and refused to switch over to Russian; because of this he was deprived of the visit. True, after his wife had complained to the highest authorities V. Moroz’s conduct was ruled to be within the law and he was allowed the visit, but this episode is still listed in his prison file as a violation of the regime. And this is the grounds on which he is being refused a transfer from prison to a camp. More important though, evidently, is the fact that in 1972, when he was taken to Kiev from Vladimir as a witness in a case of ‘Ukrainian nationalists’, Moroz refused to participate in the investigation. But the administration cannot present this circumstance as a formal reason for prolonging his stay in prison.

Valentin Moroz is suffering badly as a result of being kept in solitary confinement, and is close to a nervous illness. He has told his wife that he intends to declare a hunger strike from 1 July and to keep it up until he is transferred to a camp, or until death.

In early July Raisa Moroz travelled to Vladimir and talked to the prison governor. Colonel Zavyalkin. The latter refused to reply to the question whether V, Moroz was on hunger strike; however, he persistently repeated that a hunger strike was a violation of the regime. The head of the medical unit, a woman (presumably Butova), who was present, said in reply to questions about Moroz’s health: ‘His health is in perfect condition. When I examined him this morning his heart was working normally.’ Then she added: ‘We examine all the prisoners every morning!’

‘I no longer hold out any hope for my complaints and statements,’ said Raisa Moroz in an interview with foreign correspondents on 4 July. ‘1 have only one course left to me — to appeal to all the kind and humane people on earth: help my husband, Valentin Moroz! Don’t let him die.’

Later Raisa Moroz passed an open letter to the chairman of the PEN club. In it she recalls, in particular, the role of H. Boll in saving the life of Andrei Amalrik.

According to the information available as of 15 July, Valentin Moroz is not intending to end his hunger strike.

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Kirov Region

During the second investigation of him in Kirov Prison Yakov Khantsis (CCE 28) was kept in a basement on a punishment regime. When the period sanctioned by the procurator had expired and Khantsis began to demand his release by knocking on the door, six warders, with an officer in charge, beat him up in his cell until he lost consciousness. They beat his head against the door repeating: “That’s how you should knock, you dirty yid.” As a result of the beating his skull and spine were damaged and his legs were partially paralyzed. Khantsis was carried in to the courtroom (September 1972). The court sentenced him to two years of strict-regime. (For the documents in Khantsis’s case see A Chronicle of Human Rights, number 1).

In penal institution OR 216/16, to which Khantsis was sent for a psychiatric examination, he was tied up in a wet towel and efforts were made forcibly to straighten his half-bent paralyzed legs, as it was, apparently, thought that he was shamming. In the course of this, ligaments in the region of his knees were broken.

Khantsis served his new term in institution OR 216/10. At first, he was held in the camp prison. When he was being taken to the bath-house, he turned to go into the main zone (on his crutches). An officer snatched the crutches away from him. Khantsis fell and crawled into the main zone. The officer then stood on his legs, but prisoners gathered round and cries of indignation rang out. After this incident Khantsis was transferred from the camp prison to the main zone, and later to another camp (OR 216/1).

Yakov Leibovich Khantsis was released at the end of his sentence, on 6 March 1972, received an exit visa, and emigrated to Israel.

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Ukraine

In the middle of January Alexander Feldman (Kiev, the so-called ‘story of the cake’, Article 206, part 2, sentenced to 3 ½ years, CCE 30) was transported to a camp of intensified regime. His address is: Ukraine SSR, Khmelnitskaya Region, Shepetovskii district, Klimentovichi village, penal institution MKh 324/98.

On 19 January he was allowed an hour’s visit from his fiancée and his brother.

During the first few days of Feldman’s stay in the camp the production manager Movchan and the head of the workshop for ferro-concrete products, Drachuk, treated him contemptuously because he was a Jew (“You work like a yid,” etc,). At the beginning of February, as a sign of protest, Feldman refused to go to work. For this, on 9 February he received 15 days in the punishment prison. Two days after Feldman came out of the prison the camp administration (camp commandant Kutsak, deputy in charge of regime, Captain Polishchuk) put him in the prison again. On this occasion Feldman served a double term — from 26 February to 29 March. At the end of this period, he was beaten up by his cell-mate, a common criminal.

T. P. Tretyakova, a Moscow lawyer with whom Feldman’s relatives had signed a contract that she would submit an appeal to the supervisory section of the procuracy (the previous defence counsel, Kiev lawyer Yezhov, who had demanded an acquittal at the trial, had been compulsorily pensioned off soon after [note 4]) was not allowed even to study the materials of the prisoner’s case. On 24 March Tretyakova arrived at the camp for a meeting with her client. The camp administration refused to allow the meeting on the grounds that Feldman was in the camp prison. Later, the Moscow Collegium of Barristers refused to allow Tretyakova a business trip to Kiev.

On 24 April Feldman was put in the prison for the fourth time, for a term of 15 days. Immediately after this, on 14 May, he was transferred to the cell-type premises for six months.

The same day, 14 May, Alexander Feldman declared a hunger strike in protest against the tyranny of the administration. According to available information, the hunger strike lasted until 25 May.

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Transfers

At the beginning of 1973 Yury Vudka (Saratov-Ryazan case, sentenced to seven years, CCEs 12, 14) was transferred from Perm Camp 36 to Vladimir Prison for three years.

Later, in the summer and autumn of 1973 other prisoners were sent to Vladimir Prison from the same camp: Yury Fyodorov (the case of the ‘Union of Communists’ in Leningrad in 1969, sentenced to six years, CCE 12) — until the end of his sentence; Sergei Malchevsky (case of Malchevsky and Braun, sentenced to seven years and three years of exile, CCE 9) — until the end of his sentence; and Yakov Suslensky (case of Suslensky and Meshener in Bendery, sentenced to seven years, CCE 27) — for three years.

Sent to Vladimir Prison from the same camp on 15 July 1974, ‘for violating the camp regime’, were: David Chernoglaz (Kishinyov ‘aeroplane-related’ case, sentenced to five years, CCE 20) — until the end of his sentence; and two more prisoners, as yet completely unknown to the Chronicle,

Berezin (attempt to desert abroad from the army in 1959-60, sentenced to 15 years) has been transferred to Vladimir Prison until the end of his sentence; this is not his first spell in Vladimir Prison.

For the transfer to Vladimir Prison of N. Budulak-Sharygin, B. Shakirov and V. Bukovsky, see above.

The condition of the Ukrainian political prisoner Alexander Sergiyenko, who is ill with tuberculosis and was transferred to Vladimir Prison from the Perm Camps on 28 December 1973 (CCE 30), has not changed for the better.

In December 1973 A. A. Petrov-Agatov arrived at Camp 19 of Dubrovlag from Vladimir Prison. Petrov-Agatov was sent to Vladimir Prison in 1970 soon after the publication in the West of his book Encounters with Convicts [CCE 27].

In September 1973 Alexander Romanov (Saratov-Ryazan case, sentenced to six years, CCEs 12, 17; sent to undergo prison regime in 1971) arrived in Camp 19 from Vladimir Prison. Evidently two years of Vladimir had had their effect, for on 19 May Romanov jumped naked into the forbidden zone crying out ‘Satan!’ On 21 May he was taken away to the medical zone in Barashevo.

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By the spring of this year Igor Ogurtsov, the leader of the All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People, sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment and five years of exile, had served the first seven years of imprisonment, which, according to the verdict, he had to serve in a prison.

At the beginning of March Ogurtsov was transported from Vladimir Prison to the Perm camps, to Camp 35, However, he spent less than three weeks in the camp. On 4 April Ogurtsov was transferred to the Perm prison for a psychiatric examination — ‘on Dr Rogov’s recommendation of 8 February 1974’.

In fact a psychiatrist called Rogov (who on the occasion in question used a different surname) had, under the guise of being a throat specialist, examined Ogurtsov as early as May 1973. Rogov announced then to Ogurtsov that he had studied his case and correspondence, and that Ogurtsov was suffering from rheumatism of the brain. Ogurtsov wrote a protest at the time to the head of the medical unit, Butova, who was present at the examination. Soon afterwards Rogov was appointed resident psycho-neurologist of Vladimir Prison and in this capacity summoned Ogurtsov to an examination on 8 February 1974. Ogurtsov refused to be examined, as he had no complaints, and nor had the administration ordered anything.

In June Ogurtsov was transferred to the hospital zone in Mordovia (institution ZhKh 385/3) with the diagnosis ‘rheumatism of the brain’.

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On 7 December Vladimir Sokolov (b. 1914) was transported from Camp 19 to the hospital zone in Dubrovlag. He died three days after arrival. According to Sokolov, he had been a naval intelligence officer of the USA [note 5]. It seems that he was arrested in 1951-52.

In June V. Belokhov was transferred from Camp 19 to Camp 3. Earlier, prisoners had obtained a confession from Belokhov that he was co-operating with the KGB.

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The following have been transferred from Camp 1 in Dubrovlag (Sosnovka settlement, especially strict [or ‘special’] regime) to the strict-regime in Camp 19:

[1] Ludvikas Simutis, born 1935 (CCEs 18, 25), arrested in 1954 for having participated in the partisan movement in Lithuania in the 1940s. He was sentenced to death, commuted to 25 years. He is seriously ill (tuberculosis of the spine); as early as 1958 a medical commission raised the question of certifying him as a permanent invalid.

[2] Petras Paulaitis, born 1904, due for release in 1983 (CCE 27). A mistake was made in the report on Paulaitis in CCE 27; it was presumed that after 25-year sentences had been abolished Paulaitis’s sentence was commuted to 15 years. In actual fact, Paulaitis’s sentence, like those of the majority of other prisoners serving 25 years, was not altered, Paulaitis was transferred to the special-regime camp in 1961 for a period of six months ‘for harmful contacts with young people’. But he was kept there for more than 12 years. In 1963 Major Svyatkin of the Ministry of Internal Affairs invited Paulaitis to write an article for a Lithuanian newspaper, to be called “A Rebuff to Slanderers from the West”, promising to mitigate his lot in return for this. Paulaitis refused, and then Svyatkin declared: ‘You will rot here. You will never see freedom again, you can believe me.’

[3] Sergei Babich, born 1939, second sentence. He served his first term — three years of strict-regime under a political Article — in Mordovia and Vladimir in 1960-63. Released 13 April 1963. Arrested 27 September of the same year for the circulation of leaflets criticizing Khrushchev. Sentenced on 19 February 1964 in the city of Rovno to ten years in special-regime camps. Three attempted escapes. His sentence was increased by six years in all for the escapes and he was transferred to Vladimir Prison, where he stayed till 1968.

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The following have arrived at Camp 19 in Mordovia:

Zoryan Popadyuk, born 1953, student of the philological faculty at Lvov University. Arrested, it seems, in 1973 for possession of Ukrainian samizdat. Sentenced to seven years in camps and five years of exile. His co-defendant, Mikitko, was sentenced to five years.

Vasyl Ovsiyenko, born 1949, teacher of literature, Arrested in the same case as Lisovoi and Pronyuk (CCE 30). Sentenced to four years.

Lyubomir Staroselsky, born 1955, arrested at his school bench, a few days before his final exams. Case and sentence unknown to the Chronicle (see CCE 33.4 for more detail).

Rimas Cekelis, born 1955, pupil at the Vilnius musical school. Arrested 26 April 1973, sentenced to three years. When he was already in the camp, it was suggested to Cekelis by an official of the Vilnius KGB, Trakimas, that he make a speech in front of the pupils at his school, who, it seems, did not wish to censure their former fellow-pupil. Cekelis refused.

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RELEASES

Mordovia

Anatoly Goldfeld (Kishinyov ‘aeroplane-related’ case, sentenced to four years, CCE 20) has been released from Camp 19.

Vladimir Mogilever (Leningrad ‘aeroplane-related’ case, sentenced to four years, CCE 20) has been released from Camp 3.

Vyacheslav Platonov (case of the ‘All-Russian Social-Christian Union’, sentenced to seven years, CCE 1) has been released from Camp 17. Perm comps.

Antanas Jastrauskas [b. 1943] (case and sentence unknown to the Chronicle, mentioned in CCEs 23, 28) completed his sentence in April.

Ovik Vasilyan (case of Babayan and others, sentenced to six years, CCE 16) completed his sentence on 4 July. He was in Camp 36.

Sergei Ponomaryov (Gorky case, sentenced to five years, CCEs 13 and 15) was released from Camp 36 on 3 July.

Valery Pestov, one of those convicted in Sverdlovsk in November 1971 (CCE 24), was released from Camp 36 in May. His brother Victor Pestov is due for release in a year’s time. [An error in CCE 25 is repeated here. See correction in CCE 33. The Pestovs were tried in November 1970. On the 1971 Sverdlovsk trial CCE 24 and the Information on G. M. Davidenko in CCE 33.]

On 2 June Gennady Gavrilov (Camp 35, case of the Baltic fleet officers, sentenced to six years, CCE 15) was told that his wife had appealed to the Praesidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet to give him a pardon and that her request had been granted. Gavrilov was released 11 months before the end of his sentence.

Kirov Region

On 25 January Boris Shilkrot (CCEs 29 & 30) was set free. A few months later he left the USSR for Israel.

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NOTES

[1] CCE 33 (‘In the Mordovian Camps’) reports that a later attempt succeeded. On Zhukovskis see CCEs 11 and 33.

[2] In the West Budulak-Sharyagin spells his name Scharegin. He was arrested in September 1968 and sentenced in early January 1970. See a Reuters report from Moscow dated 9 January 1970.

[3] These essays by Moroz were available in English in two similar collections: “Report from the Beria Reserve”, Peter Martin: Toronto (1974), and “Boomerang”, Smoloskyp: Baltimore (1974). For appeals in his defence see this issue ‘Letters and Statements’ (CCE 32) and CHR, 1974 (8 & 9).

[4] See the texts of defence lawyer Yezhov’s carefully argued appeal, and of the verdict on Feldman which the appeal contests, in CHR 1974 (No. 8, pp 43-51).

30. This is also stated in a letter he wrote to A. Petrov-Agatov shortly before he died, a copy of which recently reached the West.

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